About the Science

Inspired by the body's innate immune defenses

CSA BioTech's scientific approach is rooted in the biology of the innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides known as cathelicidins, and synthetic small-molecule mimics known as ceragenins.

Scientific Rationale

01EB wound burden
02Innate immune biology
03Cathelicidins and LL-37
04Ceragenins
05CAV-121

Innate Immune System

The skin is both a physical barrier and an active immune organ

The innate immune system is the body's first response system. It helps identify threats, control microbial invasion, recruit immune cells, and support tissue repair.

01

Recognize threats

02

Control microbial invasion

03

Recruit immune cells

04

Support tissue repair

Cathelicidins

Antimicrobial peptides involved in host defense

Cathelicidins are small, positively charged antimicrobial peptides. In humans, the CAMP gene encodes hCAP18, a precursor protein that is processed into LL-37, an active peptide fragment involved in antimicrobial activity, immune modulation, and wound-healing biology.

01

Microbial membrane disruption

02

Biofilm interference

03

Immune-cell recruitment

04

Endotoxin neutralization

05

Wound-healing biology

LL-37 Functional Biology

LL-37 activity diagram showing antimicrobial activity, mesenchymal stem cell recruitment, apoptosis induction, immunomodulation, wound healing, and angiogenesis promotion
LL-37 biology provides scientific context for antimicrobial, immune-modulating, and wound-healing pathways.

Wound-Healing Biology

Kill. Clean. Repair.

Cathelicidin-related biology provides a scientific rationale across antimicrobial activity, cell migration, inflammation modulation, neovascularization, and tissue repair.

01

Infection Control

Kill

Cathelicidin-inspired mechanisms can support direct antimicrobial activity by disrupting microbial membranes and helping control pathogens.

02

Inflammation Modulation

Clean

Cathelicidins are involved in immune signaling, including immune-cell recruitment, modulation of inflammation, and interaction with microbial cell-wall fragments.

03

Tissue Regeneration

Repair

As wounds progress, immune modulation and tissue-repair signals help support regeneration, remodeling, and wound closure biology.

Kill, clean, and repair wound-healing biology diagram showing infection, cell migration, inflammation, neovascularization, tissue regeneration, direct antimicrobial activity, keratinocyte proliferation and migration, inflammation modulation, and tissue regeneration

Ceragenins

Small molecules designed to mimic cathelicidins

Ceragenins are synthetic small molecules designed to mimic key properties of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidins. Unlike peptide-based molecules, ceragenins are non-peptide structures, which may offer advantages in drug development, formulation, and stability.

01Synthetic small molecules
02Non-peptide structures
03Designed for drug development utility
Paul B. Savage, PhD
Brigham Young University seal

Inventor of Ceragenins

Paul B. Savage, PhD

Paul B. Savage, PhD, is recognized for his work in ceragenin chemistry. He is the Reed M. Izatt Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Brigham Young University.

Dr. Savage received his undergraduate degree in chemistry from BYU and his PhD in organic chemistry from the University of Wisconsin. He completed postdoctoral training at The Ohio State University.

His research is tied to innate immune function, including structural requirements of glycolipids for natural killer T-cell stimulation and the development of non-peptide mimics of antimicrobial peptides. His work has led to more than 160 papers and dozens of issued and pending patents, with research support from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and corporate sponsors.

View science resources